A Robust Scientific Body of Evidence
The risks associated with endocrine disruptors are documented by public health and regulatory agencies (ANSES, ECHA, SCCS), academic research, and international peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Frequently Implicated Substances
Avobenzone, octinoxate, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, parabens, phthalates, synthetic musks, PFAS.
Bioaccumulation and the Cocktail Effect
These substances can penetrate the skin, accumulate in the body, and act in combination, thereby amplifying their effects.
Changes in Ultraviolet Absorption of Sunscreens After Ultraviolet Irradiation
Nils Tarras-Wahlberg, Gunnar Stenhagen,* Olle Larko¨,† Arne Rosén, Ann-Marie Wennberg,† and Olof Wennerström
Ultraviolet protective performance of photoprotective lipsticks: change of spectral transmittance because of ultraviolet exposure
H. Maier, G. Schauberger, B. S. Martincigh, K. Brunnhofer, H. Hönigsmann
Photoreactivity of the sunscreen butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (DBM) under various experimental conditions
Srei Pisei Huong, Emmanuelle Rocher, Jean-Dominique Fourneron, Laurence Charles, Valérie Monnier, Hot Bund, Véronique Andrieu
Photochemistry of dibenzoyl methane UVA filters
Wolfgang Schwack, Thomas Rudolph
Photodegradation of Dibenzoylmethanes: Potential Cause of Photocontact Allergy to Sunscreens
Isabella Karlsson,† Lisa Hillerström,† Anna-Lena Stenfeldt,† Jerker Mårtensson, and Anna Börje,†
Identification of avobenzone by-products formed by various disinfectants in different types of swimming pool waters
Albert T. Lebedeva,c,⁎, Mojca Bavcon Kraljb, Olga V. Polyakovaa, Elena A. Detenchuka, Sergey A. Pokryshkinc, Polonca Trebšeb
Developmental, behavioral, and biochemical effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of organic UV-filter compounds on a freshwater model species
Zoltan Németh, Réka Svigruha, Andras Acs, Anna Farkas, Kalman Tapolczai, Karoly Elekes, Istvan Fodor, Zsolt Pirger
A burning issue: The effect of organic ultraviolet filter exposure on the behaviour and physiology of Daphnia magna
Aaron Boyd, Connor B. Stewart, Danielle A. Philibert, Zuo Tong Howc, Mohamed Gamal El-Din, Keith B. Tierney, Tamzin A. Blewett
Waterborne Exposure to Avobenzone and Octinoxate Induces Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Wild-Type and Thrαa-/- Zebrafish Larvae
Yujin Ka, Kyunghee Ji
Thyroid, neurodevelopmental, and kidney toxicities of common organic UV filters in embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), and their potential links
Ba Reum Kwon, Ah-Reum Jo, Inae Lee, Gowoon Lee, Young Joo Park, Jung Pyo Lee, Na-Youn Park, Younglim Kho, Sungkyoon Kim, Kyunghee Ji, Kyungho Choi
Avobenzone and nanoplastics affect the development of zebrafish nervous system and retinal system and inhibit their locomotor behavior
Yuxuan Liu, YonghuaWang, Na Li, Shengnan Jian